Indonesia's only province ruled by hard-line Sharia law elects its governor on Monday, in polls watched by militant Muslims pushing for an Islamic government nationwide.
The elections in Aceh are the second since the province suffered 170,000 fatalities in the Asian tsunami of 2004, and since a 30-year war against Indonesian rule ended in 2005, having claimed 15,000 lives.
The restive region, on the western edge of the scattered Indonesian archipelago, now enjoys autonomy and remains an anomaly in a country where most of the 240 million people practise a moderate form of Islam.
Alcohol is freely sold in the rest of Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, but it is banned in Aceh. In some of the province's regions, women are forbidden to wear tight trousers.
Gamblers and imbibers are publicly caned. Debate still churns in Aceh over whether adulterers should continue to be publicly flogged, or stoned to death. Irwandi Yusuf, who was elected governor in December 2006 and is seeking a second five-year term, backs Sharia but has remained a bulwark against stricter enforcement, such as stoning, the harshest punishment for adultery.
No law can pass unless the provincial parliament – dominated by Yusuf's opponents – and the governor are both in agreement. The 51-year-old's main challenger is Teungku Ahmad Tajuddin, an Islamic schoolteacher who is confident of victory. The 49-year-old cleric will not say outright whether he backs the stoning laws, but condemns Yusuf for rejecting the stiffer Sharia bylaws.
"I don't reject criminal bylaws, because clerics have agreed to them. I want Aceh as a model of Islamic Sharia for Indonesia and Southeast Asia," Tajuddin added.
Sporadic violence, including arson attacks and at least six fatal shootings, have been reported in the run-up to the polls, which have been repeatedly delayed since October.
But the province has been getting back on its feet after the civil war and the tsunami. In the capital, Banda Aceh, new concrete homes, hotels, schools and mosques cover the flood devastation, and new roads have been built wider to allow a quicker exit should another disaster strike.
Across the capital, Yusuf's orange campaign posters promise "continued peace and development," while Tajuddin's green banners proclaim his vow of "making Islamic Sharia part of Aceh."
For Indonesia's Islamic militants who insist on Sharia rule nationwide, Aceh shines as an example, and it has been a magnet for militants.
"Strict enforcement of Sharia laws is not perfect in Aceh, but it's a good start and all other provinces must follow," said Farihin Ibnu Ahmad, an Islamist who has done two jail stints on terrorism convictions.
Islamic militancy in Indonesia has been weakened by an official crackdown launched after the 2002 attacks on packed nightclubs in Bali, which were blamed on the regional terror network Jemaah Islamiyah (JI).
The group's alleged founder Abu Bakar Bashir is doing a 15-year prison term on charges that include funding a terrorist training camp in Aceh. Umar Patek, the accused bombmaker in the Bali attacks who is on trial in Jakarta, is also charged with terrorist activities in Aceh.
But despite executions and arrests, Muslim militants still remain active. "Sharia is not negotiable and it is everyone's duty to fight for it," Ahmad said.